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Fuels mitochondrial energy production

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HDL cholesterol modestly increased across the dose range, while LDL cholesterol showed minimal change a pattern consistent with weight-mediated lipid improvements rather than direct drug effects on LDL pathways

2017 meta-analysis: A meta-analysis of 17 clinical trials including 1,625 adults with chronic heart failure found that 16 g/day L-carnitine supplements for 7 days to 3 years improved left ventricular ejection fraction by 4.14%, stroke volume by 8.21 mL, and cardiac output by 0.88 L/min compared to routine treatment

PMCID: PMC5572812