Metformin , a diabetes drug, can decrease B12 absorption, causing deficiency with long use
Once the acute phase resolves, rebuilding a minimal skincare routine prevents recurrence
Interestingly, the gut metabolic module aspartate degradation I, which converts L-aspartate to oxaloacetate by aspartate aminotransferase, was elevated in SAD patients and the authors hypothesized that bacterial aspartate aminotransferase enzyme activity may represent a link between gut microbiome function and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, a key physiological system in psychiatric disorders (Butler et al., 2023)
PMID: 19173758
And our recommendation there is to boost social welfare spending, particularly targeted towards migrant workers, which could be taken up if you get that social stability risk event materializing
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (2007) 293(6):E16639