GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that is produced and secreted by intestinal L-cells and in the central nervous system by neurons in the brainstem
It specifically affects glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and the bodys response to stress
Transaminases, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and markers of synthetic function point toward a hepatic cause when they are abnormal
Additionally, endosomal escape is a significant barrier as nucleic acids often become trapped in endosomes and degraded
Philipp, S
This variability reflects the complex nature of DDGS, which concentrate not only nutrients but also fermentation-derived microbial residues, unsaturated lipids, fiber fractions, and, in some cases, mycotoxins from the parent grain